Paradigm Generator

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Paradigm Generator

Indicative Present

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	toβaŋdem	om toβaŋde
2SG:	toβaŋdet	ot toβaŋde
3SG:	toβaŋda	ok/ogeš toβaŋde
1PL:	toβaŋdena	ona/ogə̑na toβaŋde
2PL:	toβaŋdeda	oda/ogə̑da toβaŋde
3PL:	toβaŋdat	ogə̑t toβaŋde

Indicative Simple Past I

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	toβaŋdə̑šə̑m	šə̑m toβaŋde
2SG:	toβaŋdə̑šə̑č́	šə̑č́ toβaŋde
3SG:	toβaŋdə̑š	ə̑š toβaŋde
1PL:	toβaŋdə̑šna	ə̑šna toβaŋde
2PL:	toβaŋdə̑šda	ə̑šda toβaŋde
3PL:	toβaŋdə̑št	ə̑št toβaŋde

Indicative Simple Past II

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	toβaŋdenam	toβaŋden omə̑l
2SG:	toβaŋdenat	toβaŋden otə̑l
3SG:	toβaŋden	toβaŋden ogə̑l
1PL:	toβaŋdenna	toβaŋden onal/ogə̑nal
2PL:	toβaŋdenda	toβaŋden odal/ogə̑dal
3PL:	toβaŋdenə̑t	toβaŋden ogə̑tə̑l

Indicative Compound Past I

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	toβaŋdem ə̑l'e	om toβaŋde ə̑l'e
2SG:	toβaŋdet ə̑l'e	ot toβaŋde ə̑l'e
3SG:	toβaŋda ə̑l'e	ok/ogeš toβaŋde ə̑l'e
1PL:	toβaŋdena ə̑l'e	ona/ogə̑na toβaŋde ə̑l'e
2PL:	toβaŋdeda ə̑l'e	oda/ogə̑da toβaŋde ə̑l'e
3PL:	toβaŋdat ə̑l'e	ogə̑t toβaŋde ə̑l'e

Indicative Compound Past II

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	toβaŋdem ulmaš	om toβaŋde ulmaš
2SG:	toβaŋdet ulmaš	ot toβaŋde ulmaš
3SG:	toβaŋda ulmaš	ok/ogeš toβaŋde ulmaš
1PL:	toβaŋdena ulmaš	ona/ogə̑na toβaŋde ulmaš
2PL:	toβaŋdeda ulmaš	oda/ogə̑da toβaŋde ulmaš
3PL:	toβaŋdat ulmaš	ogə̑t toβaŋde ulmaš

Indicative Compound Past III

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	toβaŋdenam ə̑l'e	toβaŋden omə̑l ə̑l'e
2SG:	toβaŋdenat ə̑l'e	toβaŋden otə̑l ə̑l'e
3SG:	toβaŋden ə̑l'e	toβaŋden ogə̑l ə̑l'e
1PL:	toβaŋdenna ə̑l'e	toβaŋden onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e
2PL:	toβaŋdenda ə̑l'e	toβaŋden odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e
3PL:	toβaŋden ə̑l'e	toβaŋden ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e

Indicative Compound Past IV

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	toβaŋdenam ulmaš	toβaŋden omə̑l ulmaš
2SG:	toβaŋdenat ulmaš	toβaŋden otə̑l ulmaš
3SG:	toβaŋden ulmaš	toβaŋden ogə̑l ulmaš
1PL:	toβaŋdenna ulmaš	toβaŋden onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš
2PL:	toβaŋdenda ulmaš	toβaŋden odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš
3PL:	toβaŋden ulmaš	toβaŋden ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš

Imperative

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	/	/
2SG:	toβaŋde	it toβaŋde
3SG:	toβaŋdə̑že	ə̑nže toβaŋde
1PL:	(toβaŋdena)	(ona/ogə̑na toβaŋde)
2PL:	toβaŋdə̑za	ida toβaŋde
3PL:	toβaŋdə̑št	ə̑nə̑št toβaŋde

Desiderative Present

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	toβaŋdə̑nem	ə̑nem toβaŋde
2SG:	toβaŋdə̑net	ə̑net toβaŋde
3SG:	toβaŋdə̑neže	ə̑než toβaŋde
1PL:	toβaŋdə̑nena	ə̑nena toβaŋde
2PL:	toβaŋdə̑neda	ə̑neda toβaŋde
3PL:	toβaŋdə̑nešt	ə̑nešt toβaŋde

Desiderative Past I

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	toβaŋdə̑nem ə̑l'e	ə̑nem toβaŋde ə̑l'e
2SG:	toβaŋdə̑nena ə̑l'e	ə̑net toβaŋde ə̑l'e
3SG:	toβaŋdə̑neže ə̑l'e	ə̑než toβaŋde ə̑l'e
1PL:	toβaŋdə̑nena ə̑l'e	ə̑nena toβaŋde ə̑l'e
2PL:	toβaŋdə̑neda ə̑l'e	ə̑neda toβaŋde ə̑l'e
3PL:	toβaŋdə̑nešt ə̑l'e	ə̑nešt toβaŋde ə̑l'e

Desiderative Past II

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	/	/
2SG:	toβaŋdə̑net ulmaš	ə̑net toβaŋde ulmaš
3SG:	toβaŋdə̑neže ulmaš	ə̑než toβaŋde ulmaš
1PL:	/	/
2PL:	toβaŋdə̑neda ulmaš	ə̑neda toβaŋde ulmaš
3PL:	toβaŋdə̑nešt ulmaš	ə̑nešt toβaŋde ulmaš

Non-finite forms

Infinitive:	toβaŋdaš
Necessitive infinitive:	toβaŋdə̑man
Active participle:	toβaŋdə̑še
Passive participle:	toβaŋdə̑me
Future-necessitive participle:	toβaŋdə̑šaš
Negative participle:	toβaŋdə̑də̑me
Affirmative instructive gerund:	toβaŋden
Negative gerund:	toβaŋdə̑de
Gerund of prior action:	toβaŋdə̑mek(e)
Gerund of future action:	toβaŋdə̑meš(ke)
Gerund of simultaneous action:	toβaŋdə̑šə̑la
Nominalization:	toβaŋdə̑maš
Negative nominalization:	toβaŋdə̑də̑maš


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Last update: 10 August 2023